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Ontario is the most populous province in Canada with 12,851,821 residents as of 2011 and is third-largest in land area at approximately .〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, 2011 and 2006 censuses )〕 Ontario's 444 municipalities〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=List of Ontario Municipalities )〕 cover only of the province's land mass yet are home to of its population.〔 These municipalities provide local or regional municipal government services within either a single-tier or shared two-tier municipal structure. A municipality in Ontario is "a geographic area whose inhabitants are incorporated" according to the ''Municipal Act, 2001''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Municipal Act, S.O. 2001, Chapter 25 )〕 Ontario's three municipality types include upper and lower-tier municipalities within the two-tier structure and single-tier municipalities (unitary authorities) that are exempt from the two-tier structure.〔 Single and lower-tier municipalities are grouped together as local municipalities.〔 Of Ontario's 444 municipalities, 30 of them are upper-tier municipalities and 414 are local municipalities — 241 lower-tier municipalities and 173 single-tier municipalities. The ''Municipal Act, 2001'' is the legislation that enables incorporation and stipulates governance of Ontario's municipalities, excluding the City of Toronto, which is subject to the ''City of Toronto Act, 2006''. The ''Municipal Act, 2001'' provides lower and single-tier municipalities with the authority to incorporate as cities, towns, villages, townships, or generically as municipalities.〔〔 There are no minimum population thresholds or other requirements for these municipal sub-types. A municipality can change its status to any of these so long as its resulting name is not being used by another municipality. For upper-tier municipalities, the act provides them with the authority to incorporate as counties, regions and district municipalities.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ontario Municipalities )〕 Ontario's largest municipality by population is the City of Toronto with 2,615,060 residents, while the largest by land area is the City of Greater Sudbury at . The City of Ottawa, Canada's capital city, is the province's second-most populous municipality with 883,391 residents.〔 Ontario's smallest municipality by population is the Township of Cockburn Island with 0 residents, while the smallest by land area is the Village of Westport at .〔 The first community to incorporate as a municipality in Ontario was Brockville in 1832. == Upper-tier municipalities == Ontario's ''Municipal Act, 2001'' defines upper-municipality as "a municipality of which two or more lower-tier municipalities form part for municipal purposes."〔 Ontario has 30 upper-tier municipalities that comprise multiple lower-tier municipalities,〔 which have a total population of 7,610,543, a total land area of and an average population of 253,685. These upper-tier municipalities include 19 counties, 3 united counties and 8 regional municipalities or regions, all of which represent 30 of Ontario's 49 census divisions.〔〔 Regional governments are responsible for arterial roads, health services, policing, region-wide land use planning and development, sewer and water systems, social services, transit, and waste disposal, whereas county governments have the lesser responsibilities of arterial roads, county land use planning, health services, and social services.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of municipalities in Ontario」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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